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John Leopold Denman (15 November 1882 – 5 June 1975) was an architect from the English seaside resort of Brighton, now part of the city of Brighton and Hove. He had a prolific career in the area during the 20th century, both on his own and as part of the Denman & Son firm in partnership with his son John Bluet Denman. Described as "the master of ... mid-century Neo-Georgian", Denman was responsible for a range of commercial, civic and religious buildings in Brighton, and pubs and hotels there and elsewhere on the south coast of England on behalf of Brighton's Kemp Town Brewery. He used other architectural styles as well, and was responsible for at least one mansion, several smaller houses, various buildings in cemeteries and crematoria, and alterations to many churches. His work on church restorations has been praised, and he has been called "the leading church architect of his time in Sussex";〔 he also wrote a book on the ecclesiastical architecture of the county. Denman often worked with sculptor Joseph Cribb, whose carved reliefs (including one depicting Denman himself)〔 adorn several of his buildings. As a long-serving member of the Brighton School of Art—where he was head of the Architecture department—he also influenced the careers of former pupils who were later associated with the large group of artists who lived and worked in nearby Ditchling, where Cribb was based. English Heritage has awarded some of Denman's works listed status in view of their architectural importance: among them are an elaborate Byzantine Revival mausoleum, an "elegant" Neo-Georgian office building and a pair of ceremonial stone pylons on the city boundary. ==Biography== Denman was born on 15 November 1882 in Brighton. His father was Samuel Denman, a Brighton-based architect who died in 1945 and whose buildings in the local area included the Jacobean-style Hove Club (1897) at Fourth Avenue, Hove. Denman junior studied at Brighton Grammar School〔 and the London County Council (LCC) Central School of Arts and Crafts, and was articled to his father in 1898 at the age of 16. His professional career as an architect began in 1907: he became an assistant at the firm of Jones & Smithers, studied for his professional qualifications (which he received in 1908) and was accepted as an on 1 March 1909.〔 His first working address, from that year,〔 was 27 Queens Road, Brighton—the premises from which Samuel Denman had operated since 1896 or earlier. John Leopold Denman's later addresses included 8 Clifton Hill, in the Montpelier area of Brighton, and ''The Knoll'' in the Withdean area.〔 During the 1920s, Denman led the Architecture department of the Brighton School of Art (now part of the University of Brighton)—a faculty he was associated with for many years. He was also elected president of a regional body, the South-Eastern Society of Architects. During his time at the School of Art, he influenced the career development of landscape artist Charles Knight, who studied there between 1919 and 1923, and portrait artist and stained glass designer Louis Ginnett. Around this time, he was also engaged by the Kemp Town Brewery in Brighton to be their in-house architect, responsible for designing new pubs and hotels in Sussex and other southern counties of England;〔 and further afield, he won the commission to design the Royal Masonic Institution for Girls in Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire.〔 Work on this building (now a school) took place between 1928 and 1933, and its chapel is a listed building. Between 1922 and 1927, he was responsible for a small number of houses in various streets in Hove: Rochester Gardens, Montefiore Road, Colbourne Road and New Church Road.〔〔 Denman's first commissions in Brighton were for civic structures to commemorate the creation in 1928 of the Borough of Brighton. (This greatly enlarged the town's urban area and gave it borough status.) He designed two stone pylons which flanked the main London Road at the new borough boundary north of Patcham,〔 and a commemorative stone seat at Devil's Dyke, a beauty spot on the South Downs overlooking Brighton (although the seat faced northwards, away from the town).〔 Both structures were commissioned by Sir Herbert Carden, a local councillor, and were unveiled on 30 May 1928.〔〔 Both have extensive carved reliefs and inscriptions—a feature Denman often used in his later work as well. Throughout his career he worked with sculptors and other craftsmen from Ditchling,〔 a village near Brighton which was home to an art colony, The Guild of St Joseph and St Dominic. (Both Charles Knight and Louis Ginnett were loosely associated with the Guild, although they were not official members, and Ginnett is believed to have worked with Denman on the pylons.)〔 Another early work was his redesigning and substantial extension of the Sussex Masonic Centre at 25 Queen's Road, next door to his father's office, in 1928. The local Freemasons had bought the building, a mid 19th-century house, and the surrounding site nine years earlier with the aim of turning it into their local headquarters. Denman's design included some Art Deco elements.〔 By the late 1920s, Brighton had evolved into a major commercial centre. To a much greater extent than in other places, its commercial and civic buildings were typically designed by locals rather than outside architects, and there was a surge in demand for new commercial premises in the 1930s. In 1930, Denman took over his father's architectural practice at Queen's Road,〔 and over the next few years he was commissioned to design several major commercial buildings in Brighton. His Neo-Georgian offices for the Citizen's Permanent Building Society on Marlborough Place were finished in 1932,〔 by which time construction of the Richmond Hotel and bar had started. This building, on Richmond Parade opposite Marlborough Place, was also Neo-Georgian in style and was finished in 1934.〔 On side roads off North Street in the town centre, Denman designed Neo-Georgian offices for the ''Brighton & Hove Herald'' newspaper in 1934〔 and Regent House—in a similar style but with angular Modernist elements—in the same year, immediately behind the Chapel Royal.〔 In 1935, he designed a "blocky", prominent brick building to house the Sussex Eye Hospital.〔 A year later, he submitted a plan to redesign Brighton Town Hall, but Brighton Borough Council rejected it.〔 Two years later, he designed a holiday home in South Heighton near Newhaven on behalf of the Guinness Trust. It was used to give tenants of the Trust's housing in London a cheap seaside holiday. The building was requistioned during World War II and later served as a WRVS club and home before being partly demolished in the 1990s. On behalf of the Congregational Church, he designed the Hounsom Memorial Church for the new Hangleton housing estate in Hove in 1938. It opened the following year and is still used by the United Reformed Church. In 1938 he was also engaged at Eridge Park, home of the Marquesses of Abergavenny, who commissioned him to design a new mansion to replace Eridge Castle—an "exuberant" Gothic Revival house of 1787. Denman's replacement building, Eridge Park House, is still occupied by the family. Denman also undertook small schemes to design internal features and fittings for buildings, such as his work at Preston Manor. Preston was a Saxon village which became a suburb of Brighton in the 19th century. Its ancient manor house, Preston Manor, was rebuilt several times, most substantially in 1905. At some point after this date, Denman designed an alcove at the bottom of the main staircase. Other small schemes, both under the Denman & Son name, were carried out at St Paul's Church (a sounding board for the pulpit, designed in about 1960) and St Peter's Church, the parish church of Brighton (a "fine" organ case dated 1966). During the 1940s, Denman's work was exhibited at the Royal Academy of Arts, and locally he served as a Justice of the Peace in East Sussex.〔 In December 1945, he was a founding member of The Regency Society, an influential preservation society which campaigned against the planned demolition of large areas of Regency-era buildings on Brighton and Hove seafront. By this time he had been designated a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects (),〔 and he later became president of the Society.〔 In 1967, Denman wrote ''A short survey of the structural development of Sussex churches on behalf of the Sussex Historic Churches Trust'', a 63-page guide to the architectural history of the county's churches. He died on 5 June 1975.〔 Denman wrote a set of memoirs which, although not formally published, are held by the RIBA in their British Architectural Library. Among other things, he noted that he was summoned by the Bishop of Chichester George Bell in the early 1950s to discuss proposed designs for a permanent church at Peacehaven, a rapidly growing residential area east of Brighton which only had a temporary building for worship. Bishop Bell disliked the first submission, by a builder with no architectural training; Denman advised him to reject it and a second design submitted by another man. Architect L. Keir Hett was eventually commissioned, although Denman himself submitted a design. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Leopold Denman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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